The analysis of ultra-traces from complex matrices (environmental, foodstuff or biological) often requires a step of purification and preconcentration before their analysis by chromatographic separation methods. Therefore, extraction sorbents based on a molecular recognition mechanism can be developed and used for the selective extraction of target molecules thus rendering their quantitative analysis in complex samples more reliable and sensitive. These extraction sorbents may result, among others, from the immobilization of biomolecules such as antibodies and aptamers (i.e. oligonucleotides whose sequence is specific for a target molecule). This selective sample pretreatment step is particularly necessary when developing miniaturized devices such as separative microsystems on chip because of the decrease of the resolution that results from the use of a shorter length separation channel. In this context, the aim of our study was to develop miniaturized bioanalytical devices for the analysis of small molecules or proteins in complex samples. For the development of these devices, in-situ synthesis of a porous hybrid organic-inorganic monolith in capillaries (100 µm i.d.) by sol-gel approach was firstly optimized and characterized in terms of repeatability. Secondly, two model toxins of low molecular weight were chosen: microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and ochratoxin A (OTA). Monoclonal antibodies and aptamers specific to one and the other target molecules were then grafted on the monolithic capillaries. The resulting miniaturized immunosorbent (mIS) and oligosorbent (mOS) were then coupled on-line to nanoLC. Specific retention of MC-LR and OTA on the mIS and the mOS, respectively, was demonstrated in pure water. Synthesis repeatability and capacity of the miniaturized sorbents were evaluated. Finally, these miniaturized tools were applied to the selective extraction of MC-LR or OTA from complex samples, i.e. blue-green algae extracts, environmental waters or beer. In a third part, immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) were prepared by grafting two proteolytic enzymes (pepsin and trypsin) on monoliths in order to transpose the developed selective tools to the analysis of proteins. These IMERs were then coupled on-line to nanoLC-MS² for the analysis of a model protein, cytochrome C. Digestion yields on IMERs presented a good repeatability. However, digestion efficiency on the pepsin-based IMERs remains so far insufficient and grafting or digestion procedure needs to be readjusted.

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{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Eau
   |area=    LotaV3
   |flux=    France
   |étape=   Analysis
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     Hal:tel-01145659
   |texte=   Development of miniaturized bioanalytical tools : grafting of biomolecules on monolithic capillaries coupled on-line to nanochromatography for the analysis of complex samples
}}